What is free organum?
Free Organum (10th and 11th Centuries): Added voice moves note-against-note using a variety of intervals. The chant is in the bottom voice. Melismatic Organum (11th and 12th Centuries): Added voice has melismas sung over held notes in the lower voice (which still presents the chant).
What are the 2 kinds of organum?
Polyphony was first described in the treatise Musica enchiriadis, which used the term organum for two distinct kinds of polyphony.
- Parallel organum.
- Contrary and oblique motion.
- Free and florid organum.
- Organum purum and discant.
- Notation of organum.
What is an organum in music?
organum, plural Organa, originally, any musical instrument (later in particular an organ); the term attained its lasting sense, however, during the Middle Ages in reference to a polyphonic (many-voiced) setting, in certain specific styles, of Gregorian chant.
What is Duplum in organum?
Organum duplum is two-part organum that sets the solo sections of responsorial chants from either the Offices or the Mass. An elaborate and charismatic upper voice weaves intricate patterns above the appropriate plainchant, which is sung in extended note values by the lower voice, or ‘tenor’.
Why is it called organum?
Organum, plural Organa, originally, any musical instrument (later in particular an organ); the term attained its lasting sense, however, during the Middle Ages in reference to a polyphonic (many-voiced) setting, in certain specific styles, of Gregorian chant.
When was the first form of organum made?
Early organum of this sort (9th–11th century) was, it seems, spontaneously produced by specially trained singers before being committed to manuscript. In more elaborate forms of organum, a freely composed melody was sung note against note above the plainchant.
Where does the organal voice appear in free organum?
Organum appeared in contrary motion too, a mirroring of lines leading to issues of counterpoint. “Oblique organum” refers to the practice of staying on a note to avoid the tritone. In “free organum” the organal voice appears above the tenor but may cross or mirror it.
Which is an example of the development of organum?
Stages in the Development of Organum 1. Parallel Organum (9th-10thCentury): Added voice moves in parallel fourths and fifth either above or below the chant. Examples come from treatises. 2. Free Organum (10th and 11th Centuries): Added voice moves note-against-note using a variety of intervals.
What did discant organum mean in medieval music?
“Discant organum” refers to the two voices falling into a rhythmic mode — a 6/8 or 9/8 feel — singing more or less at the same rate for a passage. In the 11th and 12th centuries, octaves, fourths, and fifths were considered consonant; but not thirds yet.