Can C diff cause yeast overgrowth?
Treatment of C. difficile infection (CDI) disrupts gut flora and may result in Candida overgrowth.
Can antifungals cause C diff?
Antifungals have also been implicated, and quite surprisingly, even metronidazole and vancomycin (the agents used to treat C. difficile colitis) have been implicated. The potential seriousness of C. difficile disease is yet another reason clinicians should limit the use of antibiotics.
Is C diff a yeast?
A 2017 survey found that nearly 10% of Americans hospitalized for candidemia—a fungal infection of the bloodstream—were coinfected with C diff, a bacterium which causes nearly half a million intestinal infections in the United States each year.
What kind of virus is bi / NAP1 / 027?
The strain, which is restriction endonuclease analysis group BI, pulse-field gel electrophoresis type NAP1, and polymerase chain reaction ribotype 027, is designated BI/NAP1/027. How this strain has become so widely distributed geographically and produces such severe CDI is the subject of active investigation.
What is the role of binary toxin in bi / NAP1 / 027?
The role of binary toxin is unknown. Recent isolates of BI/NAP1/027 were found to be resistant to fluoroquinolones, which is likely to contribute to the dissemination of this strain. Other virulence factors such as increased sporulation and surface layer protein adherence are also under investigation.
What makes bi / NAP1 / 027 resistant to fluoroquinolones?
The deletion at position 117 of the tcdC gene, a repressor of toxin A and B production, is one possible contributor to increased levels of the toxins. The role of binary toxin is unknown. Recent isolates of BI/NAP1/027 were found to be resistant to fluoroquinolones, which is likely to contribute to the dissemination of this strain.
What are the risk factors for bi / NAP1 / 027?
Major risk factors for BI/NAP1/027 infection include advanced age, hospitalization, and exposure to specific antimicrobials, especially fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. When CDI is severe, vancomycin treatment is more effective than metronidazole; for mild disease either agent can be used.